karate framework for ui automation

Note that the API call (or the routine that gets the required data) can be made to run only once for the whole test-suite using karate.callSingle(). Because of the last rule above, note that string-concatenation may not work quite the way you expect: Observe how you can achieve string concatenation if you really want, because any valid JavaScript expression can be stuffed within an embedded expression. They seamlessly fit in-line within your test script. You simply do something like this: A common need is to send the same header(s) for every request, and configure headers (with JSON) is how you can set this up once for all subsequent requests. What this means is that you are free to use whatever makes sense for you. But since you can express a list of data-elements as a JSON array - even these XPath expressions can be used in match statements. Match failure messages are much more descriptive and useful, and you get the power of embedded expressions and fuzzy matching. english } Note that all the short-cut forms on the right-side of the table resolve to equality (==) matches, which enables them to be in-lined into a full (single-step) payload match, using embedded expressions. Here we want to call a file only if a condition is satisfied: Or if we dont care about the result, we can eval an if statement: And this may give you more ideas. Note the use of the JavaScript String.includes() function to do a text contains match for convenience. Observe how you can match the result of a JsonPath expression with your expected data. Some users need callable features that are re-usable even when variables have not been defined by the calling feature. This is one reason why you may want to prefer a flat directory structure as explained above. Step 2: Add feature and scenario description. Example: In an application testing if we are login the application in each scenario then we can put the login scenario under background. sorts the list using the provided custom function called for each item in the list (and the optional second argument is the item index) e.g. Another (simple) example of a custom Target you can use as a reference is this one: karate-devicefarm-demo - which demonstrates how Karate can be used to drive tests on AWS DeviceFarm. var foo = function(v){ return v * v }; Refer to the section on XPath Functions for examples of advanced XPath usage. Here are the configuration keys supported: If you need to set any of these globally you can easily do so using the karate object in karate-config.js - for e.g: In rare cases where you need to add nested non-JSON data to the configure value, you have to play by the rules that apply within karate-config.js. data: { A Karate test script has the file extension .feature which is the standard followed by Cucumber. For example - if a response data element or downloaded file is YAML and you need to use the data in subsequent steps. In the called feature, the argument can also be accessed using the built-in variable: called Karate scripts dont need to use any special keywords to return data and can behave like normal Karate tests in stand-alone mode if needed, the data return mechanism is safe, there is no danger of the called script over-writing any variables in the calling (or parent) script (unless you use, the need to explicitly unpack variables by name from the returned envelope keeps things readable and maintainable in the caller script, call re-usable functions that take complex data as an argument and return complex data that can be stored in a variable, JavaScript / JSON-style mutation of existing. This means that you can have the below snippet activate only for your CI build, and you can leave your feature files set to point to what you would use in dev-local mode. And this kind of locator is likely to be more stable and resistant to cosmetic changes to the underlying HTML. will pause the test execution until a socket connection (even HTTP, currently for web-ui automation only, see. The Element API has getters for the following properties: This can be convenient in some cases, for example as an alternative to Friendly Locators. It can be easily inspected or used in expressions. This will return all elements that match the locator as a list of Element instances. In normal programming languages, global variables are a bad thing, but for test-automation (when you know what you are doing) - this can be really convenient. Multi-value headers (though rarely used in the wild) are also supported: Also look at the headers keyword which uses JSON and makes some kinds of dynamic data-driven testing easier. This is useful for testing payloads with JSON arrays whose members have a few essential keys that you wish to validate. The following method signatures are available on the karate JS object to obtain a websocket client: These will init a websocket client for the given url and optional subProtocol. Karate is quite flexible, and provides multiple options for you to evolve patterns that fit your environment, as you can see here: xml.feature. Unlike other API testing tool like Cucumber, JBehave and Specflow, Karate has written all step definitions so we dont have to write it. Here is an example, where the same websocket connection is used to send as well as receive a message. The keywords Given When Then are only for decoration and should not be thought of as similar to an if - then - else statement. One way to define test-suites in Karate is to have a JUnit class at a level above (in terms of folder hierarchy) all the *.feature files in your project. { var sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSZ"); Note that Karate will fail the test if the waitUntil() returned false - even after the configured number of re-tries were attempted. Karate is flexible, you can easily over-write config variables within the Java or JUnit runner - which is very convenient when in dev-mode or rapid-prototyping. Yes, you can modify the request or response if needed ! Since waitFor() returns an Element instance on which you can call chained methods, this can be the pattern you use, which is very convenient and readable: Rarely used - but accepts multiple arguments for those tricky situations where a particular element may or may not be present in the page. In other words, when call or callonce is used without a def, the called script not only shares all variables (and configure settings) but can update the shared execution context. This will also do automatically perform a karate.embed() - so that the image appears in the HTML report. The usage of karate.write() here is just an example, you can use JS or Java interop as needed. This is very common in the world of Maven users and keep in mind that these are tests and not production code. You can organize multiple common utilities into a single re-usable feature file as follows e.g. Step 3: Create a feature file and write a Scenario. - Karate is BDD testing framework - Developer by Peter Thomas in 2017 (intuit). You can find more examples here: xml.feature. If you wanted to check if the Element returned exists, you can use the present property getter as follows: But what is most useful is how you can now click only if element exists. But normally a match statement is preferred unless you want a really descriptive error message. The following parameters are supported: For end-to-end examples in the Karate demos, look at the files in this folder. EXPR in the table above is an interesting one. When using Playwright you can omit this in which case Karate will default to Chrome (within Playwright) and the default browser window size. Get method in HTTP is used to read or access data or information. Note how we unpack the kittens and use it to data drive the Scenario Outline. Experience working in an Agile environment with agile methodologies leveraging Jira My Skill set includes: UI Automation -Selenium with Java TestNG, Cucumber, Data-driven Framework Functional UI Testing Backend Testing: Database Testing and API Testing with Postman Tool, API Automation with Karate Framework GitHub Jenkins- CI/CD pipelines Jira, QC ALM Agile Software Development . Sometimes when dealing with very large numbers, the JS engine may mangle the number into scientific notation: This can be easily solved by using java.math.BigDecimal: Karate has a built-in HTML templating engine that can be used to insert additional custom HTML into the test-reports. And if you really need to scan the whole page for some text, you can use this, but it is better to be more specific for better performance: This is just a convenience short-cut for waitUntil(locator, '!_.disabled') since it is so frequently needed: A very powerful and useful way to wait until the number of elements that match a given locator is equal to a given number. In the above example, the end-result of the call to my-signin.feature resulted in the authToken variable being initialized. Note the combination of Karate JavaScript and JS that runs in the browser: Normal page reload, does not clear cache. Karate can run tests in parallel, and dramatically cut down execution time. A header row is always expected. See also match header which is what you would normally need. The scenario expression result is expected to be an array of JSON objects. } To use the recommended --security-opt seccomp=chrome.json Docker option, add a secComp property to the driverTarget configuration. _ > 0'. Here is an example JavaScript function that uses some variables in the context (which have been possibly set as the result of a sign-in) to build the Authorization header. The match keyword is explained later, but it should be clear right away how convenient the table keyword is. } results : null; And this framework is the only API testing tool that has combined API Automation and performance testing into a single standalone tool. In some cases, for large payloads and especially when the default system encoding is not UTF-8 (Windows or non-US locales), you may run into issues where a java.io.ByteArrayInputStream is encountered instead of a string. or $[. Refer to conditional logic for more ideas. Also see first.feature and second.feature in the demos. Since you can call Element.script() - any kind of filtering will be possible. To do that, add the following: And then the above command in Gradle would look like: The recommended way to define and run test-suites and reporting in Karate is to use the parallel runner, described in the next section. For some SPAs (Single Page Applications) the detection of a page load may be difficult because page-navigation (and the browser history) is taken over by JavaScript. String interpolation will support variables in scope and / or the Examples (including functions defined globally, but not functions defined in the background). { Then use the header keyword to do a custom over-ride if needed. There may be cases where you want to suppress this to make the reports lighter and easier to read. Once you have a JSON or XML object, Karate provides multiple ways to manipulate, extract or transform data. Bloating your configuration can lead to loss of performance, and maintainability may suffer. a An advanced option is where the scenario expression returns a JavaScript generator function. For another example, see: examples.feature. For example instead of: When it comes to JavaBean getters and setters, you could call them directly, but the driver.propertyName form is much better to read, and you save the trouble of typing out round brackets. https://randomuser.me/api/portraits/women/34.jpg. You can experiment for yourself (probably depending on the size of your test-automation team) if this leads to any appreciable benefits, because the down-side is that you need to keep switching between 2 files - when writing and maintaining tests. This does require you to move set-up into a separate *.feature (or JavaScript) file. But when the time comes for running your web-UI automation tests on a continuous integration server, things get interesting. Finally, using karate.response.header(name) can be simpler to just get a header value string by name, and it will ignore-case for the name passed as the argument: You would normally only need to use the status keyword. multipart file. Karate is an open-source tool which combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. { id: 23, name: 'Bob' }, All the methods that return the following Java object types are chain-able. mass What started as a powerful, scriptable framework combining API and UI test automation, is adopted as a best-practice today - in teams around the world. return sdf.format(date); Karates callonce keyword behaves exactly like call but is guaranteed to execute only once. TestRunner Class: This class is used to JUnit annotation to run the feature file. So we use the same Gherkin syntax - but the similarity ends there. The example below combines this with the advanced features described above. Observe how you can mix different locator types, because they are all just string-values that behave differently depending on whether the first character is a / (XPath), {} (wildcard), or not (CSS). You could use it for hard-coded absolute paths in dev mode, but is obviously not recommended for CI test-suites. You can choose between the string-placeholder style or directly refer to the variable foo (or even the whole row JSON as __row) in JSON-friendly expressions. An image comparison UI will also be embedded into the Karate HTML report with detailed information about any differences between the two images. JsonPath filter expressions are very useful for extracting elements that meet some filter criteria out of arrays. function (config, downloadLatestFn) { } Here is an example: testCompile 'com.intuit.karate:karate-junit5:1.3.1', systemProperty "karate.options", System.properties.getProperty("karate.options"), systemProperty "karate.env", System.properties.getProperty("karate.env"), "ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter", // don't waste time waiting for a connection or if servers don't respond within 5 seconds, # steps here are executed before each Scenario in this file, # variables defined here will be 'global' to all scenarios, # and will be re-initialized before every scenario, # assigning a number (you can use '*' instead of Given / When / Then). Important: If you attempt to build a URL in the form ?myparam=value by using path the ? The approach in this section is more suited for troubleshooting in dev-mode, using your IDE. And you dont need to create additional Java classes for any of the payloads that you need to work with. input: Karate is the only open-source tool to combine API test-automation, mocks, performance-testing and even UI automation into a single, unified framework. One indicator of a good automation framework is how much work a developer needs to do in order to perform any automation action - such as clicking a button, or retrieving the value of some HTML object / property. b For convenience, it will do a string contains match (not an exact match) so you dont need to worry about http vs https for example. The results of the first call are cached, and any future calls will simply return the cached result instead of executing the JavaScript function (or feature) again and again. * match driver.dialog == 'Please enter your name, # wait 3 minutes if needed for page to load. # the step that immediately follows the above would typically be: * def putOrPost = (someVariable == 'dev' ? How To Scroll Into View in Selenium Webdriver, How To Solve IllegalStateException in Selenium WebDriver. To run only a single scenario, append the line number on which the scenario is defined, de-limited by :. This will snapshot the entire page, not just what is visible in the viewport. For example if you have HTML like this: To click on the checkbox, you just need to do this: By default, the HTML tag that will be searched for will be input. #string Here is an example of how to get the current date, and formatted the way you want: And the above will result in something like this being logged: [print] 2017/10/16. So even if your next step is the ENTER key, you can do this: Karate will do the best it can to detect a page change and wait for the load to complete before proceeding to any step that follows. All arrays no matter the depth will be checked in this way. Git) to ignore karate-config-*.js if needed. Only supported for type: 'chrome' - this will wait for a JS promise to resolve and then return the result as a JSON object. API tests are written in BDD (Behaviour Driven Development) Using Gherkin syntax. Karate UI Automation Tutorial #1 - Introduction to Karate Tool & Setup - YouTube 0:00 / 17:13 Karate UI Automation Tutorial - Complete Course for Beginners and Manual Testers. Karate has an elegant approach to handling any action such as click() that results in a new page load. In some rare cases where you dont want to auto-convert JSON, XML, YAML or CSV, and just get the raw string content (without having to re-name the file to end with .txt) - you can use the karate.readAsString() API. You can even use a regular-expression so that instead of checking for equality, Karate will just validate that the actual value conforms to the expected pattern. You may be able to turn this into a custom record-replay framework, or do other interesting things. object.name. Expressions follow the same short-cut rules as for waitUntil(). # but karate allows you to traverse xml like json !! The above methods return a chainable Finder instance. You can always use a JavaScript function or call Java for more complex logic. """, # in this case the solitary 'call' argument is of type string. There are two types of code that can be call-ed. Finally, the page is updated to display the first-name, last-name and the image. And here is how cat-create.feature could look like: If you replace the table with perhaps a JavaScript function call that gets some JSON data from some data-source, you can imagine how you could go about dynamic data-driven testing. This is best explained with an example. For convenience, you can have multiple expressions separated by commas, so this is the recommended pattern: Similar to assert, the expressions on the right-hand-side of a print have to be valid JavaScript. { #(lang)#(user), """ to save space and speed up report loading), * configure imageComparison = { hideUiOnSuccess, # ignore areas of an image (e.g. """, """ Soumendra Daas has created a nice example and guide that you can use as a reference here: hello-karate. Refer to this for the complete example: schema-like.feature. return jd.doWork(arg); In below image in get demo 4 scenario I have added few assertions. You can also re-use other *.feature files from test-scripts: When a called feature depends on some side-by-side resources such as JSON or JS files, you can use the this: prefix to ensure that relative paths work correctly - because by default Karate calculates relative paths from the root feature or the top-most caller.

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